The European Commission has designated the Jadar lithium and boron mining project in Serbia as a strategic energy project outside the EU. The decision was made without a public explanation, with the Commission citing protection of confidential business information. Critics say the lack of transparency conflicts with the Commission’s legal duty under Article 296 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) to provide reasons for such decisions.
Commission rationale and supply-chain considerations
The European Commission said its support for the Jadar project is intended to help secure a stable supply of lithium. It linked lithium to green and digital technologies, and said the approach aims to diversify imports and reduce dependency on China. Questions have been raised about the project operator, Rio Tinto, because it has a major shareholder that is a Chinese state-owned company.
Social unrest and reported concerns in Serbia
The Jadar project has triggered social unrest in Serbia, including opposition from citizens and much of the scientific community. Critics cited what they described as a lack of public dialogue and incomplete documentation. They also alleged government repression of opponents.
The European Commission acknowledged concerns raised about the project. It stated that implementation must comply with environmental impact assessments and public consultations. It also said the project should be carried out sustainably, with respect for human and labor rights, community engagement, and transparent practices.
EU-Serbia obligations and stated partnership aims
Despite describing the project as strategically important, the European Commission said its support does not change Serbia’s obligations related to the rule of law, democracy, or progress toward EU accession. The Commission described the partnership as intended to attract investment for economic growth, green transition, and job creation. It also said both Serbia and the EU would commit to responsible mining alongside high environmental and social standards.