Supporters of lithium mining say the metal is important for the clean energy economy and could create thousands of jobs. Lithium is used as a key ingredient in batteries found in devices ranging from smartphones to electric vehicles. In the United States, Nevada is described as the driest state.
Traditional lithium extraction methods are described as posing risks to water supplies that are already scarce. The process typically involves pumping briny groundwater and then evaporating it to isolate lithium. This approach is presented as a factor that can worsen existing water challenges in Nevada.
Direct Lithium Extraction and claims of reduced evaporation
Ehsan Vahidi, a professor at the University of Nevada, Reno, describes a core issue with conventional approaches. He says water is extracted from underground and evaporated in an area with water problems. He links this step to the major problem in Nevada.
Vahidi’s lab research discusses a technique called Direct Lithium Extraction (DLE). The research indicates DLE could use significantly less water than conventional evaporation ponds. Vahidi also notes claims that nearly all water can be recycled and returned to the groundwater system, eliminating evaporation.
Pilot testing in Clayton Valley and questions about viability
Vahidi’s analysis focuses on a pilot DLE project in Clayton Valley. He describes the project as showing promise while also facing skepticism. He says there are doubts about whether DLE would be profitable for mining companies.
In addition to water use, Vahidi points to energy requirements associated with DLE. He says that while the method may conserve water, it requires substantial energy to operate. He suggests mines could mitigate this by using Nevada’s abundant solar energy to power their operations.